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AI-assisted Technology in Education

The guide

How and why?

Getting started

Applications

Tips for academics Plagiarism

In today's fast-paced world, technology has transformed how we work, communicate, and learn. One such technological advancement is ChatGPT (Generative Pre-trained Transformer), an AI-powered language model developed by OpenAI. This large language model can imitate human conversation, predict contextual words, and generate coherent and relevant textual responses with minimal user input. ChatGPT has the potential to provide personalised learning experiences, improve student engagement, and ease the burden on teachers and administrators. As a user-friendly AI tool available for free, ChatGPT can assist students in writing, coding, and solving mathematical equations. However, educators must evaluate the benefits and limitations of AI technologies, including ethical concerns, and adapt their teaching strategies accordingly. Ethical considerations and responsible use guidelines are critical when using ChatGPT.

How and why is ChatGPT relevant for academics?

ChatGPT's relevance for academics lies in its potential to improve the teaching and learning experience by providing personalised feedback and assistance to students. One example is in writing research papers, where students can use ChatGPT to receive suggestions for improving their writing style, word choice, and overall coherence of their arguments. By providing personalised feedback, ChatGPT can help students improve their writing skills and reduce the time required for grading by educators. It can also facilitate communication and collaboration internationally. Academics can use ChatGPT to translate academic articles into different languages, making them accessible to a broader audience. This can facilitate cross-cultural collaboration and enhance research impact.

Although ChatGPT can potentially improve teaching and learning, it must be used responsibly to ensure that the technology compliments rather than substitutes human input during the learning process. One issue raised is the possibility of plagiarism. To prevent this, educators must ensure that students understand the importance of academic integrity and that ChatGPT is used only to supplement their work, not replace them entirely. Another issue is the potential bias in language models. ChatGPT is trained on large amounts of text data, including biased language and perspectives. This can result in the generation of biased text, which can be harmful or perpetuate stereotypes. Again, educators must be aware of the potential biases and ensure that it is used fairly.

Getting started with ChatGPT

To use ChatGPT, Sign up or Log in. Before incorporating ChatGPT (or other AI tools) into your teaching, ensure you are acquainted with them. The following is essential:

  • Clarify to your students that ChatGPT uses a database to generate probable word sequences and lacks understanding, reasoning, or thinking capabilities, and that
  • ChatGPT is a learning aid, not a replacement for creativity and thinking.
  • Encourage open dialogue about the ethical concerns of using ChatGPT, including potential biases, copyright issues, labour disputes, environmental impacts, and data rights.
  • Provide guidance on procuring and evaluating multiple outputs and combining them with other research and writing tools to effectively use ChatGPT.
  • Urge students to seek feedback from peers and instructors to enhance their use of ChatGPT.
  • State your policies on use of ChatGPT and other AI tools clearly in your course materials, and instruct students on how to acknowledge its use correctly.
  • To comply with data privacy laws, avoid using ChatGPT for private or sensitive information, as it considers such information as public domain data.

Applications of ChatGPT for academics

ChatGPT has numerous applications in research. A critical aspect of research is the ability to process and analyse large volumes of data and ChatGPT can assist with natural language processing, summarisation and synthesis of complex data sets and other data processing and analysis tasks like predictive modeling and forecasting. ChatGPT can play a role in hypothesis generation and testing by helping to identify potential research topics based on existing literature and suggesting appropriate experimental designs and methodologies. It can also help in the exchange of ideas and facilitating collaboration among researchers by connecting them with relevant experts and resources, or enhancing communication through natural language processing. And since ChatGPT contributes to the dissemination of scientific knowledge to the general public, it assists with public outreach and science education by simplifying complex scientific concepts for non-experts.

Before you start:

  • Familiarise yourself with the model. ChatGPT is a large language model trained on vast amounts of text data. Before using it with your students, it's important to understand the model's capabilities and limitations. You can find more information about ChatGPT's architecture and training on OpenAI's website and research articles on ChatGPT.
  • ChatGPT can be accessed through various platforms, including OpenAI's website, third-party apps like Hugging Face, or API integrations with other tools. Choose the platform that works best for you and your students.
  • Once you've familiarised yourself with the model and chosen a platform, start a conversation with ChatGPT by typing your research question or topic, for example. The AI model will respond with an answer or suggestion.
  • These answers can be very helpful, but they may sometimes differ from what you need. If you need more information or want to refine your question, you can ask follow-up questions or rephrase your original question. See how in our recent webinar on ChatGPT:
  • As with any research tool, evaluating the quality of ChatGPT's responses is essential. Double-check the information provided and consider the source before using it in your research or writing. Important: references provided by ChatGPT might not be correct.
  • Once you've evaluated the responses and determined that they are helpful for your research, you can incorporate them into your writing or analysis.
  • Cite your sources! Like any other research tool or source, citing ChatGPT in your writing is essential. Include information about the model and platform you used and the data and time of your interactions. Describe how you used the tool in your methodology chapter and provide the prompt you used. Remember, ChatGPT chats is not retrievable by other reader. Sharing text from your chats will be more like sharing an algorithm's output. Or you can put the full text or long responses from ChatGPT in an appendix of your work. See this example from APA Style:

When prompted with "Is the left brain right brain divide real or a metaphor?" the ChatGPT-generated text indicated that although the two brain hemispheres are somewhat specialised, "the notation that people can be characterised as 'left-brained' or 'right-brained' is considered to be an oversimplification and a popular myth" (OpenAI, 2023).

Reference:

OpenAI. (2023). ChatGPT (Mar 14 version) [Large language model]. https://chat.openai.com/chat 

ChatGPT has numerous applications for students and teachers. It can make education more personalised and efficient. For students, ChatGPT can be used to provide customised learning experiences that are tailored to their individual needs and abilities, leading to improved engagement, motivation, and academic success. It can assist with language learning through personalised recommendations for grammar, vocabulary and pronunciation. ChatGPT can help students with test preparation by analysing their performance in previous tests and making recommendations to improve performance.

For teachers, ChatGPT can be used to create various educational resources, such as interactive tutorials, study guides, and online learning quizzes, which students can access from anywhere and at any time. It can also help automate repetitive tasks such as grading and providing feedback, saving time and allowing teachers to focus on providing individual support and instruction. ChatGPT can also create adaptive learning systems that adjust to a student's performance and provided targeted support, making it easier for teachers to monitor student progress and provide necessary interventions.

Before you start:

  • Identify the learning objectives you want to achieve though the use of the AI model. Determine the specific questions or topics you want to explore with your students.
  • Familiarise yourself with the model. ChatGPT is a large language model trained on vast amounts of text data. Before using it with your students, it's important to understand the model's capabilities and limitations. You can find more information about ChatGPT's architecture and training on OpenAI's website and research articles on ChatGPT.
  • ChatGPT can be accessed through various platforms, including OpenAI's website, third-party apps like Hugging Face, or API integrations with other tools. Choose the platform that works best for you and your students.
  • Show your students how to use ChatGPT by typing a question or topic and asking for a response. Highlight the importance of phrasing questions clearly and evaluating the quality of the answers.
  • As your students use ChatGPT, monitor their interactions and guide them as needed. Help them evaluate the quality of the responses and encourage them to ask follow-up questions or rephrase their original questions if necessary.
  • Once you've evaluated the responses and determined that they are helpful for your lessons, incorporate them into your teaching. Use ChatGPT's responses to supplement your existing curriculum and provide real-time answers to students' questions.
  • While ChatGPT can be a valuable tool for educators, it's vital to encourage critical thinking in your students. Help them understand the limitations of AI and the importance of evaluating information from multiple sources.
  • As with any technology, it's important to consider the ethical implications of using ChatGPT in your classroom. Discuss issues like data privacy, bias and transparency with your students.

ChatGPT can assist in curriculum development by providing personalised learning experiences and generating course materials such as lesson plans, syllabi, and assessments. Educators can use it to create custom course content based on their specific learning objectives and the needs for their students.

One way to use ChatGPT in curriculum development is to provide a set of learning objectives and a list of relevant resources, such as textbooks, research papers, and online materials. ChatGPT can then generate a course syllabus that aligns with the learning objectives and incorporates the selected resources. This can save time and effort in designing a course from scratch while ensuring the course is comprehensive and aligned with current knowledge in the field.

Prompt example

I am a teacher planning a unit on Food Systems Circularity for varsity first-year students. I want to create a curriculum that is engaging and educational and that meets the needs of all my students. Can you help me by generating a list of learning objectives, activities, and assessments for this unit?

ChatGPT response

Another way to use ChatGPT in curriculum development is to generate assessments and assignments that align with the learning objectives. For example, educators can input a set of questions related to a specific topic, and ChatGPT can generate a set of related questions for students to answer.

Assignment example

This assignment, Design a project proposal for a sustainable development initiative, was generated with ChatGPT.

Background: As a student in this course, you have been tasked with designing a project proposal for a sustainable development initiative in your local community or region. Your proposal should focus on addressing a specific environmental or social issue and should aim to create a positive impact in the community.

Instructions: 

  1. Choose a specific environmental or social issue that you would like to address in your community or region. Conduct research on the issue to better understand its root causes and potential solutions.
  2. Develop a project proposal that outlines your strategy for addressing the issue. Your proposal should include the following components:
    • Project overview: Provide a brief introduction to your project, including the issue you will address and the goals you hope to achieve.
    • Project goals and objectives: Clearly define the goals and objectives of your project. What impact do you hope to create in the community?
    • Project strategy: Describe the specific strategies you will use to achieve your goals and objectives. What activities will you undertake? What resources will you need? Who will be involved in the project?
    • Project timeline: Develop a timeline for your project, including key milestones and deadlines.
    • Budget: Develop a detailed budget for your project, including all necessary expenses and potential sources of funding.
    • Evaluation plan: Describe how you will evaluate the success of your project. What metrics will you use to measure progress? How will you assess the impact of your project on the community?
  3. Write a 3-5 page project proposal that includes all the components outlined above. Your proposal should be well-organised, clearly written, and supported by evidence from your research.

Assessment and evaluation example

Your project proposal will be assessed according to the following criteria:

  1. Content and organisation (40 points): Does your proposal clearly address the issue you have chosen? Is your proposal well-organised and easy to follow? Does your proposal include all the necessary components (project overview, goals and objectives, project strategy, project timeline, budget, evaluation plan)?
  2. Research and evidence (30 points): Have you conducted thorough research on the issue you have chosen? Have you used evidence to support your proposed strategies and activities?
  3. Writing and presentation (20 points): Is your proposal clearly and effectively written? Have you used proper grammar and spelling? Have you included appropriate headings and subheading to organise your proposal?
  4. Creativity and originality (10 points): Does your proposal demonstrate creativity and originality in your proposed strategies and activities? Does your proposal present a unique and innovative approach to addressing the issue you have chosen?

Total points: 100

Assessment table example

Criteria Points
Content 20
Organisation and clarity 15
Use of sources and evidence 15
Writing mechanics 10
Originality 10
Compliance with instructions 10
Creativity 10
Overall impression 10
Total 100

ChatGPT can be used in various professional environments to improve productivity and efficiency, as well as the quality of work. In education ChatGPT could assist teachers in proofreading written work and checking for grammar, punctuation, and spelling errors, saving a significant amount of time. In a business setting, it can assist with creating presentations, drafting professional emails, creating guidelines for effective project management, and summarising and theming information. This can help anyone communicate more effectively and efficiently and improve the overall quality of their work. ChatGPT can also be used to translate written work into different languages, allowing individuals to communicate with colleagues, clients, or customers who may speak a different language. It is important to note, however, that machine translation may not always be perfect, so as always, double check!

Tips for using ChatGPT effectively

We would like to give you some useful tips and ideas for using ChatGPT effectively. The table below provides a set of hints and examples on how to improve the use of ChatGPT in an academic setting. These tips cover different aspects of ChatGPT usage, from improving the quality of the generated text to avoiding ethical issues and include specific prompts to illustrate how to achieve the desired results. 

Context Prompt example
Provide specific instructions or guidelines "Can you give me step-by-step instructions on how to conduct a literature interview?"
Use technical language and provide context "What is the impact of neural networks on natural language processing in linguistics?"
Incorporate feedback from human input "Based on the feedback from my professor, can you help me revise my research questions?"
Ask follow-up questions "Explain more about the theory mentioned above."
Consider ethical implications and bias in language models How can we ensure that the language generated by ChatGPT is unbiased and free from potential harm?
Specify the length of the response "I would like a brief and detailed 250 words response."
Provide context for more accurate responses Instead of asking "What is the capital of France?" provide additional context, such as "In what year was the Eiffel Tower built?"
Specify the response format ChatGPT can provide your response in bullet points, tables and paragraphs.
Evaluate the accuracy and quality of responses Review generated responses for accuracy and relevance to the prompt and adjust the prompt or model settings as necessary.
Specify the language output "Respond in UK/US English, please.?

While ChatGPT has a wide range of potential uses in various academic settings, it is essential to understand its strengths and limitations to ensure responsible and effective use of the tool.

Capabilities Limitations
Can generate human-like responses to natural language inputs May produce biased or offensive language due to biases in training data
Can provide personalised learning experiences Cannot provide feedback on accuracy or quality of responses
Can assist with writing, coding, and solving mathematical equations It may be used for academic misconduct, such as plagiarism
It can be used for a variety of natural language processing tasks Limited by the quality and quantity of training data
Can ease the burden on teachers and administrators Does not have a proper understanding of consciousness and can only generate responses based on patterns in training data
Can improve student engagement May perpetuate stereotypes or reinforce existing biases in language use

Plagiarism

Since the release of ChatGPT in November 2022, there has been a growing concern about the use of ChatGPT to plagiarise. If a lecturer suspect that a student has plagiarised using ChatGPT, the first step is to talk to the student. All students have been introduced to the UFS plagiarism policy, and understand the consequences (failing grade on the assignment, a warning, or even suspension). Plagiarism is a serious offence and it is essential to deal with students who have plagiarised using ChatGPT in a fair and consistent manner.

How to spot ChatGPT-generated text

When setting up an assessment that requires critical thinking and extensive writing, it is advised that you run the question through ChatGPT to see what the general logic of the answer it gives is. Although all answers will differ in terms of the words used, the general logic will be similar and will enable you to more easily identify AI assisted text. There are also some online tools to help you identify AI-generated text, like OpenAI's AI Text Classifier, GPTZero and Writer AI Content Detector.

Other ways to spot ChatGPT-generated text include:

  • long, rambling sentences.
  • overuse of generic words and phrases.
  • lack of coherence or consistency.
  • inconsistencies in grammar and spelling.
  • Unnatural-sounding language.
  • US written spelling when we use UK or SA English spelling.
  • Face references.

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