This guide is intended to provide general information on the use of ChatGPT at the University of the Free State. The information contained within this guidebook is not intended to be a substitute for professional advice or guidance. Additionally, to ensure the accuracy and relevance of the information provided in this guide, the authors collaborated with ChatGPT to address common questions and concerns related to its use in an academic setting. However, the authors and publishers of this guide cannot guarantee the completeness or accuracy of the information provided, as ChatGPT's responses are generated by a machine learning algorithm that may have limitations in contextual understanding and accuracy. The authors and publishers of this guide are not responsible for any errors or omissions or any outcomes resulting from the use of this information. The reader assumes full responsibility for their use of the information contained in this guide.
This guide is shared with a CC BY 4.0 license.
Interdisciplinary Centre for Digital Futures. (2023). Stepping up with ChatGPT. doi: 10.38140/ufs.23579145.v1
Getting started | Tips for academics | Plagiarism |
In today's fast-paced world, technology has transformed how we work, communicate, and learn. One such technological advancement is ChatGPT (Generative Pre-trained Transformer), an AI-powered language model developed by OpenAI. This large language model can imitate human conversation, predict contextual words, and generate coherent and relevant textual responses with minimal user input. ChatGPT has the potential to provide personalised learning experiences, improve student engagement, and ease the burden on teachers and administrators. As a user-friendly AI tool available for free, ChatGPT can assist students in writing, coding, and solving mathematical equations. However, educators must evaluate the benefits and limitations of AI technologies, including ethical concerns, and adapt their teaching strategies accordingly. Ethical considerations and responsible use guidelines are critical when using ChatGPT.
ChatGPT's relevance for academics lies in its potential to improve the teaching and learning experience by providing personalised feedback and assistance to students. One example is in writing research papers, where students can use ChatGPT to receive suggestions for improving their writing style, word choice, and overall coherence of their arguments. By providing personalised feedback, ChatGPT can help students improve their writing skills and reduce the time required for grading by educators. It can also facilitate communication and collaboration internationally. Academics can use ChatGPT to translate academic articles into different languages, making them accessible to a broader audience. This can facilitate cross-cultural collaboration and enhance research impact.
Although ChatGPT can potentially improve teaching and learning, it must be used responsibly to ensure that the technology compliments rather than substitutes human input during the learning process. One issue raised is the possibility of plagiarism. To prevent this, educators must ensure that students understand the importance of academic integrity and that ChatGPT is used only to supplement their work, not replace them entirely. Another issue is the potential bias in language models. ChatGPT is trained on large amounts of text data, including biased language and perspectives. This can result in the generation of biased text, which can be harmful or perpetuate stereotypes. Again, educators must be aware of the potential biases and ensure that it is used fairly.
To use ChatGPT, Sign up or Log in. Before incorporating ChatGPT (or other AI tools) into your teaching, ensure you are acquainted with them. The following is essential:
ChatGPT has numerous applications in research. A critical aspect of research is the ability to process and analyse large volumes of data and ChatGPT can assist with natural language processing, summarisation and synthesis of complex data sets and other data processing and analysis tasks like predictive modeling and forecasting. ChatGPT can play a role in hypothesis generation and testing by helping to identify potential research topics based on existing literature and suggesting appropriate experimental designs and methodologies. It can also help in the exchange of ideas and facilitating collaboration among researchers by connecting them with relevant experts and resources, or enhancing communication through natural language processing. And since ChatGPT contributes to the dissemination of scientific knowledge to the general public, it assists with public outreach and science education by simplifying complex scientific concepts for non-experts.
Before you start:
When prompted with "Is the left brain right brain divide real or a metaphor?" the ChatGPT-generated text indicated that although the two brain hemispheres are somewhat specialised, "the notation that people can be characterised as 'left-brained' or 'right-brained' is considered to be an oversimplification and a popular myth" (OpenAI, 2023).
Reference:
OpenAI. (2023). ChatGPT (Mar 14 version) [Large language model]. https://chat.openai.com/chat
ChatGPT has numerous applications for students and teachers. It can make education more personalised and efficient. For students, ChatGPT can be used to provide customised learning experiences that are tailored to their individual needs and abilities, leading to improved engagement, motivation, and academic success. It can assist with language learning through personalised recommendations for grammar, vocabulary and pronunciation. ChatGPT can help students with test preparation by analysing their performance in previous tests and making recommendations to improve performance.
For teachers, ChatGPT can be used to create various educational resources, such as interactive tutorials, study guides, and online learning quizzes, which students can access from anywhere and at any time. It can also help automate repetitive tasks such as grading and providing feedback, saving time and allowing teachers to focus on providing individual support and instruction. ChatGPT can also create adaptive learning systems that adjust to a student's performance and provided targeted support, making it easier for teachers to monitor student progress and provide necessary interventions.
Before you start:
ChatGPT can assist in curriculum development by providing personalised learning experiences and generating course materials such as lesson plans, syllabi, and assessments. Educators can use it to create custom course content based on their specific learning objectives and the needs for their students.
One way to use ChatGPT in curriculum development is to provide a set of learning objectives and a list of relevant resources, such as textbooks, research papers, and online materials. ChatGPT can then generate a course syllabus that aligns with the learning objectives and incorporates the selected resources. This can save time and effort in designing a course from scratch while ensuring the course is comprehensive and aligned with current knowledge in the field.
Prompt example
I am a teacher planning a unit on Food Systems Circularity for varsity first-year students. I want to create a curriculum that is engaging and educational and that meets the needs of all my students. Can you help me by generating a list of learning objectives, activities, and assessments for this unit?
ChatGPT response
Another way to use ChatGPT in curriculum development is to generate assessments and assignments that align with the learning objectives. For example, educators can input a set of questions related to a specific topic, and ChatGPT can generate a set of related questions for students to answer.
Assignment example
This assignment, Design a project proposal for a sustainable development initiative, was generated with ChatGPT.
Background: As a student in this course, you have been tasked with designing a project proposal for a sustainable development initiative in your local community or region. Your proposal should focus on addressing a specific environmental or social issue and should aim to create a positive impact in the community.
Instructions:
Assessment and evaluation example
Your project proposal will be assessed according to the following criteria:
Total points: 100
Assessment table example
Criteria | Points |
Content | 20 |
Organisation and clarity | 15 |
Use of sources and evidence | 15 |
Writing mechanics | 10 |
Originality | 10 |
Compliance with instructions | 10 |
Creativity | 10 |
Overall impression | 10 |
Total | 100 |
ChatGPT can be used in various professional environments to improve productivity and efficiency, as well as the quality of work. In education ChatGPT could assist teachers in proofreading written work and checking for grammar, punctuation, and spelling errors, saving a significant amount of time. In a business setting, it can assist with creating presentations, drafting professional emails, creating guidelines for effective project management, and summarising and theming information. This can help anyone communicate more effectively and efficiently and improve the overall quality of their work. ChatGPT can also be used to translate written work into different languages, allowing individuals to communicate with colleagues, clients, or customers who may speak a different language. It is important to note, however, that machine translation may not always be perfect, so as always, double check!
We would like to give you some useful tips and ideas for using ChatGPT effectively. The table below provides a set of hints and examples on how to improve the use of ChatGPT in an academic setting. These tips cover different aspects of ChatGPT usage, from improving the quality of the generated text to avoiding ethical issues and include specific prompts to illustrate how to achieve the desired results.
Context | Prompt example |
Provide specific instructions or guidelines | "Can you give me step-by-step instructions on how to conduct a literature interview?" |
Use technical language and provide context | "What is the impact of neural networks on natural language processing in linguistics?" |
Incorporate feedback from human input | "Based on the feedback from my professor, can you help me revise my research questions?" |
Ask follow-up questions | "Explain more about the theory mentioned above." |
Consider ethical implications and bias in language models | How can we ensure that the language generated by ChatGPT is unbiased and free from potential harm? |
Specify the length of the response | "I would like a brief and detailed 250 words response." |
Provide context for more accurate responses | Instead of asking "What is the capital of France?" provide additional context, such as "In what year was the Eiffel Tower built?" |
Specify the response format | ChatGPT can provide your response in bullet points, tables and paragraphs. |
Evaluate the accuracy and quality of responses | Review generated responses for accuracy and relevance to the prompt and adjust the prompt or model settings as necessary. |
Specify the language output | "Respond in UK/US English, please.? |
While ChatGPT has a wide range of potential uses in various academic settings, it is essential to understand its strengths and limitations to ensure responsible and effective use of the tool.
Capabilities | Limitations |
Can generate human-like responses to natural language inputs | May produce biased or offensive language due to biases in training data |
Can provide personalised learning experiences | Cannot provide feedback on accuracy or quality of responses |
Can assist with writing, coding, and solving mathematical equations | It may be used for academic misconduct, such as plagiarism |
It can be used for a variety of natural language processing tasks | Limited by the quality and quantity of training data |
Can ease the burden on teachers and administrators | Does not have a proper understanding of consciousness and can only generate responses based on patterns in training data |
Can improve student engagement | May perpetuate stereotypes or reinforce existing biases in language use |
Since the release of ChatGPT in November 2022, there has been a growing concern about the use of ChatGPT to plagiarise. If a lecturer suspect that a student has plagiarised using ChatGPT, the first step is to talk to the student. All students have been introduced to the UFS plagiarism policy, and understand the consequences (failing grade on the assignment, a warning, or even suspension). Plagiarism is a serious offence and it is essential to deal with students who have plagiarised using ChatGPT in a fair and consistent manner.
How to spot ChatGPT-generated text
When setting up an assessment that requires critical thinking and extensive writing, it is advised that you run the question through ChatGPT to see what the general logic of the answer it gives is. Although all answers will differ in terms of the words used, the general logic will be similar and will enable you to more easily identify AI assisted text. There are also some online tools to help you identify AI-generated text, like OpenAI's AI Text Classifier, GPTZero and Writer AI Content Detector.
Other ways to spot ChatGPT-generated text include: